Qcf Level 2

recognition in wellbeing and social consideration level 2 information learning results obligatory units Unit Cu2470 Understand the requirement for secure treatment of data in wellbeing and social consideration settings |Identify the enactment that identifies with the chronicle, stockpiling and sharing of data in wellbeing and social consideration (1. 1) | |The enactment identifying with this are, | |CQC norms guideline 20 individual records stay secret. |Data Protection Act 1998 | |Explain why it is imperative to have secure frameworks for recording and putting away data in a wellbeing and social consideration setting | |(1. ) | |It is indispensable that the organization that is giving the wellbeing and social consideration to people has a protected framework set up to | |record individual data as it will be required for various reasons. It is additionally the law to archive and record | |this data so it ought to likewise be done to agree to enactment it should likewise ensure confid entiality.Prevent character | |theft and furthermore keep up the privileges of people. The data should likewise be available for the individuals who need it. | Know how to get to help for taking care of data |Describe how to get to direction, data and exhortation about taking care of data (2. 1) | |read Policies and Procedures document, go to preparing, address Team Manager, talk with work partners, research on sites | |Explain cap moves to make when there are worries over the chronicle, putting away or sharing of data (2. 2) | |Delete, and keep printed copy, painstakingly recorded, of the significant stuff. On your PC, stay up with the latest record of what is in | |your printed version document. On the off chance that you use titles just, that ought to do. In case you're extremely neurotic, utilize arbitrarily chosen titles that have| |NOTHING to do with the substance. |A break of secrecy or potentially the security demonstration, contact the significant or authority included, if this is a major situation| |resulting in the impeding sharing or abuse of individual data |

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay

Individuals of the world have consistently confronted the two kinds of debacles, normal just as man-made. Man-made debacles were not pervasive in antiquated occasions. Man-made catastrophes are the aftereffects of mechanical and material advancement. Characteristic and man-made calamities similarly play devastation on human in present day times. Once in a while, a man-had catastrophe has greater effect than cataclysmic event. The reason for catastrophic event is normal with man-made debacle is brought about by man himself. Man-caused calamities to remember spillage of oil for the ocean, atomic blast, spillage of harmful gases and concoction, fire, floods made by dams and so forth. Man-made debacles are avoidable. They might be turned away if man works proficiently and cautiously. Then again we have no influence over a cataclysmic event. They incorporate tremor, tidal wave, flood, storm, typhoon, whirlwind, torrential slides, land slide and so on. Man can't deflect them. Nonetheless, it ought to be noticed that some cataclysmic event are in a roundabout way the aftereffect of man’s exercises. For instance draft might be the reason for cutting of woodlands. Along these lines, the quantity of man-made debacles is more noteworthy than catastrophic event. Catastrophic events like tidal wave and earth tremor plays devastation on life and property. Here and there, a huge number of lives are lost in these catastrophes. Positively, there are a few measures to limit the effect of cataclysmic event. However, they can't be turned away through and through. A characteristic movement isn't named as a catastrophic event until it has sway on human. For instance, a well of lava ejection at a uninhibited spot is definitely not a catastrophic event. It is a characteristic occasion without a doubt. Catastrophic events are exasperated in the state of ineptness with respect to man. A cataclysmic event has a greater effect when man isn't set up for it. For instance, seismic tremor can't be anticipated already. It might overwhelm an enormous number of individuals around evening time while they are resting in their homes. A typhoon or a tornado gives open door for planning to confront it. Man-made debacles are brought about by human exercises. They might be in littler greatness, for example, a backwoods fire which has less effect and might be enormous, for example, the atomic besieging of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. Man-made catastrophes are brought unconsciously just as intentionally. Mishaps occur because of carelessness with respect to man. The Bhopal Gas catastrophe is a consequence of a mishap which played a destruction on the nearby living arrangement. In the cutting edge world, psychological warfare is considered as a reason for man-made debacle. The 9/11 assault of psychological warfare on WTO is a sort of man-made catastrophe which ended the lives of thousands of individuals. This was a wrongdoing of man against man. Fear based oppression has ended the lives of a huge number of individuals everywhere throughout the world. In this way, wrongdoing may likewise be considered as a man-made fiasco. Wars are another sort of catastrophic event. A great many individuals have been murdered in the wars during the last one hundred years. These wars were not mishaps. They were battled deliberately to slaughter individuals. They are the disgrace on individuals who caused them.

GAAP Rule effect on International Accounting Essay

GAAP Rule impact on International Accounting - Essay Example As indicated by this model income won't be perceived except if the presentation necessity is fulfilled. The FASB and IASB proposed a methodology for acknowledgment of income which will frame one single standard in all industry for bookkeeping. These recently evolved measures need better revelation in monetary record. This will help a bookkeeper by making their activity a lot simpler on the grounds that they don’t need to adhere to different guidelines. FASB has created five stages that an organization must follow for the new procedure of acknowledgment of income. 1. An organization must perceive the agreement for income acknowledgment. This will gracefully merchandise and enterprises to its client. Agreements can be in composed arrangement or might be oral. Organization required portioning the agreement if the estimation of certain merchandise or administrations is arranged freely. 2. The products and enterprises of agreement ought to be accounted as various execution commitme nts on the grounds that the merchandise or administrations are sold autonomously and they have distinctive overall revenue. In the event that the great or administration is comparative, at that point it must be joined with other great or administration until an alternate presentation commitment is made. 3. This is the third step in acknowledgment process. In this procedure organization needs to decide the exchange cost.

Political Campaign Funding Essays - , Term Papers

Political Campaign Funding Regardless of what your social issue, on the off chance that you need to settle it get the cash out of legislative issues. At exactly that point will administrators vote in favor of their kin instead of their wallets. Jack E. Lohman. Cash debases governmental issues, and when commitments are being made to applicants it isn't to the greatest advantage of the American individuals. Crusade Finance is wild in the present political races. Competitors are taking cash from any place and whoever they can get it. Delicate cash is moving through races without care or alert. Individuals who make these commitments don't share the perspectives on the normal resident, so government officials wind up speaking to an inappropriate people. Cash chooses races, now and then leaving the better man however lighter high-roller out of a position. Competitors make choices dependent on what will help them monetarily that what is better for the individuals. Commitments by industry are made not in light of a legitimate concern for the individuals, some of the time harming them in manners they don't have the foggiest idea. Regardless of what the restriction may state battle fund change is required desperately to keep our vote based system as our organizers expected it. Individuals and enterprises that make the biggest gifts to crusades don't impart perspectives to everyone. Government officials will tune in to the individuals who give them cash so they can rely upon that cash being there again when it is the ideal opportunity for re-appointment. However person givers making a $200 dollar or more commitment make up just .33% of the populace. This amazingly little level of for the most part affluent people gain the ability to impact government officials just as they would prefer. The possibility that these individuals ought to have influence to influence government more than those with less cash goes against the idea of equity for all, which is the thing that made this nation incredible. Individuals who make enormous gifts don't have indistinguishable perspectives generally speaking from everyone. Robert L. Borosage and Ruy Teixeira report that while 53 percent of voters need stricter guidelines on organizations and enterprises, to give laborers a reasonable pay and working conditions, 58 percent of crusade benefactors need to see less power over the organizations and enterprises of America. Benefactors additionally need less government going through with lower charges, while most of residents need a bigger, all the more remarkable government. A little piece of our populace is offering cash to crusades mentioning to competitors what they need to do to keep getting effort commitments, yet these individuals don't speak to the belief system and estimation of the individuals in general. There must be a change in how crusades are financed if vote based system is to endure. On the off chance that we don't change crusade money we will have government officials working just for the individuals who can bear to contribute. Cash is the main consideration in any political race. It can influence a choice unequivocally relying upon how well it is utilized. In the House, the competitor who spends the most cash on their crusade wins 92% of the time. Things are the same in the Senate, here 88% of the time the greater high-roller wins. Occupants are typically the tip cash high-roller, since they raise more cash. Paul Starr, author for The American Prospect , gauges that it would take $1,000,000 for a challenger to vanquish the occupant. The main way a challenger could get this sort of cash is claim to huge business and the affluent, who have fundamentally various thoughts regarding government than the overall population. A challenger, to try and get an opportunity, would need to go to business and riches to win. With this extraordinary trouble to de-seat an officeholder, turnover in congress drops, and individuals become stale, winning on name alone. At the same time, they are offering breaks to the organizations and well off individuals who got them there. With battles money change, we could get challengers and occupants on a level playing field so the up-and-comer with the better thoughts who will sincerely enable the lion's share to will wind up the victor. It would not make any difference much where up-and-comers got the cash from for their battles with the exception of that when chosen, government officials follow up on in agreement to the desires of the individuals who have made gifts. 71% of residents state that a government officials decisions and votes are made on the premise of cash. 61% of contributors concur with this. Its been clarified that a little level of individuals make gifts, and these individuals don't speak to the populace in general. In the event that government officials settle on choices dependent on this little gathering of individuals they

Greece Police Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Greece Police - Essay Example This paper will investigate policing in Greece with an attention on the Hellenic police. The Hellenic Police is an administration organization that was shaped in 1984 with the converging of the Urban Police Forces (Astynomia Poleon) and the Gendarmerie (Chorofylaki) (Hellenic Police 2014). As would by and large be normal, the office is accused of implementing peace. Comparable to this, the crucial the police power in Greece is to make sure that harmony wins in the nation and that residents appreciate unhindered social turn of events. Its other crucial to forbid lawbreakers, forestall wrongdoing, secure the state and guarantee that a majority rule government regulates the working of the state (Hellenic Police 2014). As a rule, the Hellenic police direct capacity identified with general policing and traffic wellbeing in accordance with the specifies of the constitution. The police power falls inside the of the Ministry of Interior. In this regard, the Ministry coordinates plans screens and manages the exercises of the police power as verified by the Hellenic Police (2014). Figure 1 shows the logo of the Hellenic Police Force. Individuals from the police power are prepared in accordance with an educational program endorsed by the Ministry of Interior. In view of the preparation and the capacities that they are ordered to perform, individuals from the police power in numerous events need to hold up under with dangers as they attempt to forestall wrongdoing and take care of the public’s requests in various circumstances. The power regularly depends on cutting edge preparing, innovation, and collaboration with different bodies to manage circumstances that they usually face (Interpol 2014; Hellenic Police 2014).â

Glenn Hubbard to Step Down as Columbia Business School Dean

After serving 15 years as Dean of Columbia Business School (CBS), Glenn Hubbard will step down at the end of the 2018-19 school year. Hubbard began his tenure at Columbia in 1988, and was selected as Dean in July 2004. When Hubbard steps down from the deanship on June 30, 2019, he will return to his position as the Russell L. Carson Professor of Finance and Economics, and as Professor of Economics in Columbia’s Department of Economics in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences. According to a Poets Quants article, Hubbard did not state why he has chosen this time to leave his post. No replacement has been found yet, and a worldwide search will begin without delay. Columbia is not the only prestigious business school searching for a new dean. Other extremely selective schools looking for leadership include Northwestern Kellogg, Yale SOM, Cornell Johnson, UCLA Anderson, and Notre Dame Mendoza. The number of business schools looking for deans (28 through the beginning of June 2018) is almost 50% higher than the same time last year, points out an article on the subject in The Wall Street Journal. In making the announcement of Hubbard’s decision, Columbia University President Lee C. Bollinger stated, â€Å"Dean Hubbard succeeded repeatedly in seizing opportunities for transforming and modernizing Columbia Business School through times that were often turbulent and challenging. The most powerful symbol of this progress will become fully visible four years from now when the doors of the Henry R. Kravis Building and Ronald O. Perelman Center for Business Innovation are opened, and Columbia Business School occupies its new home at the center of the Manhattanville campus.† Hubbard said, â€Å"Today, as I reflect upon the last decade and a half, I am humbled by the progress made toward achieving our mission to innovate, connect, and lead, and our strategy to bridge theory and practice†¦I have every confidence that the School will continue to be a global innovator in both management education and in how business is practiced in the 21st century. I look forward to supporting that vision as a member of its faculty.† Hubbard has had many noteworthy achievements in both the academic and financial spheres during his time at CBS. He has led the growth of three new extensions of CBS’s Executive MBA program, started four new master’s degrees, and backed the improvement of the curriculum. By the time he leaves his post, Hubbard will have raised more than $1 billion for CBS. The amount of financial aid distributed to CBS students went up 600% during the 2004-2018 period. Hubbard’s career spanned the academic, private, government, and nonprofit worlds. After receiving is PhD in Economics from Harvard University in 1983, Hubbard taught at Northwestern, Harvard, and the University of Chicago, as well as at Columbia. He has written widely used textbooks and more than 100 academic articles in economics and finance, and has appeared regularly in major newspapers, and on TV and radio. President George W. Bush appointed him as chairman of the U.S. Council of Economic Advisers in 2001, where he served for two years. Are you applying to CBS or another highly-ranked business school? Explore our one-on-one MBA Admissions Services and learn more about how we can help you get ACCEPTED!   For 25 years, Accepted has helped business school applicants gain acceptance to top programs. Our outstanding team of MBA admissions consultants features former business school admissions directors and professional writers who have guided our clients to admission at top MBA, EMBA, and other graduate business programs worldwide including Harvard, Stanford, Wharton, Booth, INSEAD, London Business School, and many more.  Want an MBA admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Get Accepted to Columbia Business School, a free webinar †¢Ã‚  Columbia Business School MBA Essay Tips Deadlines †¢ The Applicants That Stand Out at Columbia Business School

The Walt Disney Conglomerate - Free Essay Example

When you hear the name Walt Disney, you automatically think back when you were a kid and how eager you were to get home, so you could watch The Disney channel. Young people are being entertained by the Disney channel and older people affiliate it with their childhood. Regardless of who you are and what age you are, Walt Disney has made an impact on your life. But what If I tell you that Disney is not only Disney world and the Disney channel. In fact, the company has expanding so much that we dont even recognize the Movies, tv shows and other things we watch today are owned by Walt Disney. The objective of this research paper is to give the reader insight on Walt Disney Inc conglomerates, a corporation that is made up of several different, seemingly unrelated businesses. (INVESTOPEDIA) and how they interact, and profit from one another. Lets get started shall we! The Walt Disney Company was founded in 1923 after founder, Walt Disney had went bankrupt with his cartoon company Laugh-O-Gram in 1922. In October of 1923, Walt Disney had signed a contract with M.J. Winkler to start a series of Alice Comedies under the company known as The Disney Brothers Studio which was later renamed The Walt Disney Studio. From here on, Walt Disney would produce products in a wide range of categories becoming the third largest conglomerate and setting the standard for cartoons and childrens culture. Currently, Disneys headquarters is in Burback California USA and is overseen by Robert A. Iger who has become the chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Walt Disney Company since 2005. As Chairman and CEO, Mr. Iger has adopted one of the worlds largest media companies and some of the most respected and beloved brands around the globe. As Disney CEO and Chairman, Igers strategic vision for The Walt Disney Company focuses on three fundamental pillars: generating the best creative content possible; fostering innovation and utilizing the latest technology; and expanding into new markets around the world and according to WSJ, there is a massive 195,000 employees that work within 45 countries such as, India, Japan, The Bahamas, Hong Kong and France to help make his visions come true. Walt Disney has had a major success within the years by acquiring and branching into different subsidiaries which has helped the incorporation revenue billionaires of dollars and making Disney legendary. One subsidiary is the studios acquired under chairman and CEO Mr. Iges. Mr. Iges followed his dream and has added to Disneys riches by acquiring three studios; Pixar Animation Studios, Marvel Studios, and Lucas film under Walt Disney studio umbrella. According to THE WSJ, Since Acquiring these studios, the companys animation studios has produced 56 animated feature films so far and together have earned 13 Academy Awards, nine Golden Globe Awards, and 11 Grammy Awards. Eight of these films won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature. Amongst Marvel and Lucas film studio, these two has created hits such as the Avengers franchise, Guardian of the Galaxies and the Star Wars and the Indiana Jones franchise. Along with Disneys four studios, Disney also owns a consumer products and interactive media section, which includes the companys retail and online sites. Providing a category of products that range from apparel, toys, and books. Today You can find over 400 disney store locations worldwide. According to the Official Walt Disney website, The consumers products and interactive operates in three business units: Licensing, Publishing, and the Disney Store. The companys Licensing business unit is engaged in Walt Disneys character licensing, such as Disney Media, Disney and Pixar Animation Studios, Disney Princess and Disney Fairies, and Lucasfilm and Marvel. Within its Publishing business unit Disney also publishes childrens books, magazines, and digital products. Another subsidiary is Walt Disney Parks and Resorts. Aside from its animated movies, Disneys Walt Disney Parks and Resorts are the corporations most well-known attractions. The first Disneyland Park opened in 1955 in Los Angeles metro area. Having the first park being such a success, Disney opened a second theme park two years later located in Bay Lake, Florida near Orlando. Walt Disney did not limit his ideas to parks, included with Disney theme parks came resorts operated across the global, Disney cruise line and vacations. Walt Disney Parks and Resorts did not limit to just the U.S. The corporation operates the successful Disneyland Paris, which opened in 1992, as well as Hong Kong Disneyland Resort, which opened its doors in 2005. Today Disney owns 11 theme parks globally. In addition to the popular film and theme parks. Disney owns and operates many television channels that produce popular TV series. Its biggest subsidiary under Disney Media Networks is ABC, which produces hit network shows such as Scandal and How to Get Away with Murder and its flagship evening news program ABC World News Tonight. Disney also owns part of Hulu, an Internet streaming video service, along with 21 st Century Fox and Comcast, the worlds biggest media company to date. Disney also operates AE Networks, in a joint venture with Hearst Corporation. Among its popular television channels include The History Channel and AE, home to Storage Wars, The First 48, Duck Dynasty, and the scripted series which is one of my favorite shows, Bates Motel. Disney also owns, of course, The Disney Channel and ESPN. So, with all of these subsidiaries what does this mean for the company. Cross promotion! As a conglomerate it has control over everything that is produce. Movies are created under the Disney studio umbrella, toys are made and sold within Disney stores and advertisements are advertised through its own networks. For example, Take Toy Story 3. After a global marketing campaign, the movie opened June 18, earning $1 billion at the box office, more than any other film this year and any other animated film in history. Disneys had sold action figures, apparel, books, magazines, collectibles, and more, all featuring the movies popular characters. By August, the advertisement crossed over to Disneyland Paris. Toy Story Playland was added to Paris Disneyland and opened the same summer the hit movie was released. The Disneys interactive division generated videogames for Nintendo, Xbox, PlayStation, and PC. It also produced apps for the iPad and mobile phones. And Whenever Disney needs to generat e additional buzz on TV, it can do so through its network channel, ABC, or cable channels such as the Disney Channel. As well as advertise around their several theme parks and resorts. Theres also the Disney Channel, which provided a platform for cross-promotion on cable, and the Disney Stores, which offer international merchandising options making Disney a well-built global licensing operation. However, there is cons to this on a social level. With Walt Disney being the largest media, shows how detrimental media conglomerate can be detrimental to society. For example, lets say the Walt Disney company wanted to show support for Trump during the 2016 presidential election, It could have used several of its subsidiaries within its media sector to help promote the Republican party. With its huge presences within the media it can promote issues people are against and mainly control the mind of kids who are very impressionable. After all Disney does make its products geared toward children. Disneys exceptional entertainment, widely diverse content, and unique skill in managing businesses in an integrated manner have led to strong results. During Mr. Igers time as Chairman and CEO, The Walt Disney Company has been recognized as one of the Most Reputable Companies in both America and the world by Forbes magazine (2006-2017); one of the Worlds Most Admired Companies by Fortune magazine (2009-2018); one of the Worlds Most Respected Companies by Barrons (2009-2016); one of the Best Places to Launch a Career by BusinessWeek magazine (2006-2010); and as Company of the Year by Yahoo Finance (2013). The Walt Disney Company and the diverse operations in different aspects of the entertainment industry such as Media networks, parks and resorts, studio entertainment, consumer products and interactive media to name a few has had a major impact on peoples lives dominating in any category they venture in. Today Disney Incorporation is worth The Walt Disney Company has grown rapidly over time and is currently worth $168 Billion dollars(Gobankingrate) becoming one of the leading companies in the entertainment industry and continues to excel with no signs of slowing down. Disneyland will never be completed. It will continue to grow as long as there is imagination left in the world.

A Psychodynamic Treatment Approach Essay - 1352 Words

Susanna would benefit most from a psychodynamic treatment approach, with a specific emphasis on clarification, confrontation, and interpretation/transference interpretation. As highlighted by McWilliams (1999), recurrent themes emerge within the therapy which constitute the client’s internal and external world. With this in mind, Susanna’s internal object relations would undoubtedly unfold in the relationship with the therapist. As Susanna evidences a lack of insight, it will be the therapist’s responsibility to clarify Susanna’s experiences for her. In this view, clarification refers to the reformulation of the patient’s verbalizations to convey a more coherent view of what is being communicated. The therapist may want to clarify what it was like in Susanna’s household growing up, and gather further information on Susanna’s romantic relationships. Clarifying sentiments might include â€Å"you stated that at times you felt loved by yo ur mother, and hated at other times, but overall do you feel that your mother loves you?† While this technique alone will not lead to therapeutic change, it will be essential for helping Susanna develop a rapport with the therapist, and establishing a therapeutic alliance. As borderline pathology is characterized by negative affects, and impulsive, dangerous behavior, the therapist’s ability to keep Susanna in treatment will be essential. The therapist can do this by presenting him/herself non-judgmentally, as well showing Susanna that s/he isShow MoreRelatedPsychological Theories Of Psychology And Psychology1143 Words   |  5 Pagesfall under several main categories namely psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, and developmental approaches. These psychological theories play a significant role in psychopathology. 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Additionally, It will attempt to highlight the relationshipRead MoreBehavioral vs Psychodynamic1546 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom barely intrusive to super massive. While there are solutions to every problem, one be better than the next. Here we will look at two different approaches in explaining the psychodynamic approach and the behavioral approach. Behavior theory is becoming more and more popular because of the emphasis this approach places on teaching self management skills to better control a persons life, all without continued therapy. A basic assumption of behavioral perspective is that all problematic behaviorsRead MoreMy Worldview Reflects Who I Am A Hmong Woman982 Words   |  4 Pagestherapeutic alliance and instilment of hope. To demonstrate what I believe defines therapeutic change and progress, I will briefly discuss the common factors model and how it serves as a meta-framework in how I work with client. I will also discuss psychodynamic therapy from an Intensive Short Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) as the specific technique I utilized to uncover a client’s past. Common Factors Model The common factors model was originally proposed by Rosenzweig (1936), posits that there

Mythology Summary and Analysis Greek Mythology the...

Mythology Summary and Analysis: Greek Mythology The Beginnings — Creation Summary In the beginning there was only Chaos, an empty void. But somehow this enormous vacancy gave birth to Gaea, the earth, to Tartarus, the great region beneath the earth, and to Eros, the shining god of love and attraction. Chaos also bore Erebus, the darkness of the netherworld, and Night, the darkness over the earth. Then Erebus slept with Night, who gave birth to Ether, the heavenly light, and to Day, the earthly light. Later Night alone produced such beings as Doom, Fate, Death, Sleep, Dreams, Nemesis, and a long list of other atrocities that steal upon men in darkness. Meanwhile Gaea, without help, gave birth to Uranus, the starry sky, to the Mountains,†¦show more content†¦Terrified, most of the gods fled. But Zeus was captured and confined. Released by Hermes, Zeus finally destroyed the dragon by hurling lightning at it again and again, and by burying it under Etna in Sicily. There was one more attempt to dislodge Zeus and the other Olympians from their mastery of the world. The Giants, who had sprouted from Uranus blood, were dissatisfied, so they laid siege to Olympus by piling mountain upon mountain in an attempt to scale it. It required all the prowess of the gods and the assistance of the mortal Heracles to subdue and kill the Giants. Having vanquished the Titans, the dragon Typhoeus, and the Giants, the rule of the Olympians was undisputed. That version of the creation was taken largely from Hesiod, a Greek poet of the seventh century B.C.. But here is an earlier story by way of contrast. Eurynome, the goddess of all creation, arose from Chaos and separated the sea from the sky. Then, dancing naked upon the waves, she created the wind and rubbed it in her hands to create the serpent Ophion, who made love to her. Pregnant, Eurynome became a dove and laid the World Egg, and Ophion coiled about the Egg and hatched it. This Egg brought forth the cosmos and everything in it. Then Eurynome and Ophion settled on Olympus, but their union was unhappy. When Ophion proclaimed himself the Creator, Eurynome banished him to theShow MoreRelatedMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesPhenomenology of the Narrative, 16 II Problems of Film Semiotics Chapter 3. Chapter 4. Chapter 5. The Cinema: Language or Language System? 31 Some Points in the Semiotics of the Cinema, 92 Problems of Denotation in the Fiction Film, 108 III Syntagmatic Analysis of the Image Track Chapter 6. Outline of the Autonomous Segments in Jacques Rozier s film Adieu Philippine, 149 Chapter 7. Syntagmatic Study of Jacques Rozier s Film Adieu Philippine, 177 vii viii CONTENTS IV The Modern Cinema: Some TheoreticalRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesmarketing/strategy interface Summary xi xiii 1 3 3 7 11 19 37 41 43 45 45 50 53 70 71 75 77 79 79 80 81 86 88 89 101 102 104 107 109 Stage One: Where are we now? Strategic and marketing analysis 2 Marketing auditing and the analysis of capability 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Learning objectives Introduction Reviewing marketing effectiveness The role of SWOT analysis Competitive advantage and the value chain Conducting effective audits Summary 3 Segmental, productivity and ratio analysis 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

The Mind of a Criminal in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and...

The human mind is a complex labyrinth barely explored. What drives humans to make decisions, behave in certain manors, and react in certain ways are defined by many theories of psychology. What actually goes on in the mind of a criminal or a sociopath? Can crimes be justified? And where do society’s morals take effect? These questions are ones that might be posed when reading Fyodor Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. A great mind can easily be corrupted by a narcissistic need for knowledge or the simple drive to prove a point. Both protagonists in these novels are faced against a mirror, fighting with their own minds, reaping consequences of past decisions and underdeveloped ideas these characters, although†¦show more content†¦Corrupted by loneliness, a lack of true self accomplishment, and driven by the need to help his impoverished family Raskolnikov falls victim to the dark side of the human psyche. Desperation becomin g his sole mode of guidance, a possible motive. Frankenstein, in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, finds himself in college with all the opportunity to engage himself in his studies. The pursuit of knowledge eventually becomes an obsession at a narcissistic level. Frankenstein becomes more focused on his experiment to create a being of his own accord. His self centeredness leads him to create a being in the image of himself. The monster says, â€Å"My form is a filthy type of yours, made horrid even from the very resemblance (Shelley). It is as if every aspect within the monster itself is hated by Frankenstein and vice versa. His work eventually becomes himself and he regrets creating it, â€Å"†¦but he confesses that the monster is really self-generated, â€Å"the being whom I had cast among mankind†¦was my own vampire, my own spirit let loose from the grave, and forced to destroy all that was dear to me (Jackson, Shelley). Similar to Raskolnikov, Frankenstein became too involved in himself. He alienated himself from his family and friends for science. His experiment lacked

The Welfare System Makes People Dependent Essay - 1129 Words

The Welfare System Makes People Dependent One of the many reasons why America is called â€Å"The Land of Opportunity† is because its citizens can move up in socio-economic status through hard work and dedication. However, when U.S. citizens fall on hard times, government-established programs offer financial assistance. The history of welfare reform reveals that the question of personal responsibility versus assistance to those in need has been a constant in the debate over welfare. In the 1950s and 1960s, welfare reform was limited to various states attempts to impose residency requirements on welfare applicants and remove illegitimate children from the welfare rolls. During the 1970s advocates of welfare reform promoted the theory of†¦show more content†¦Most of the people believe that many welfare recipients are abusing the system in more ways than one. Figure 1. Pie chart depicting the overall perceptions of welfare dependency. The bar graph below shows the comparison between faculty/staff and students’ opinions regarding welfare dependency. According to the results, 5 of the faculty/staff and 5 students polled believe that welfare creates dependency. Figure 2. Bar graph depicting the comparison between faculty/staff and students’ opinions regarding welfare dependency. After further researching the possible effects of government assistance on its recipients, I believe that the welfare system does make people dependent because welfare gives people an incentive to avoid work; it gives mothers an incentive to have more children, and it makes their life easier. First of all, people who are on welfare usually do become dependent on assistance because it gives them an incentive to avoid work. Many generations of families have been living on welfare assistance and have not made any reasonable efforts to prosper within our society. According to the article Welfare in the United States, â€Å"Some people get on welfare because they were laid off or relocated, but whatever the reason, some get stuck on welfare much longer than necessary and no one has the ability to remove them† (Redyns, 2007). Welfare was designed to give a boost to the poor, and help struggling families make it through the year,Show MoreRelatedWelfare Reform Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesWelfare has been around for than six decades. Since the beginning of its creation people have question whether the programs offered is helping the community. As American taxpayers, your funds contribute to welfare for others. Due to the large number of members who receives government assistants, it is not that simple to monitor every individual. But, I propose that welfare should be reformed. Society is abusing the access to social welfare and to change the downfall sure to come, the governmentRead MoreWelfare Is A Government Program1111 Words   |  5 PagesWelfare is a government program that provides financial aid to families or individuals who cannot provide for themselves. Welfare helps pay for poor people’s necessities such as food, housing, and medical care. Welfare is a program that is needed in the world, because some people don’t know how to be independent and take care of themselves. Social Welfare began after the Great Depression occurred. The Great Depression caused several families to become unemployed during and following this timeRead MoreWelfare: The Governments Failure Essay1330 Words   |  6 Pagesdollars into welfare but, ironically, the poverty rate is higher than when they started (Tanner, Welfare Reform). This outrageous amount of money proves that welfare will lead United States into debt. The original intent of current welfare benefits has failed; therefore the national welfare system must be reformed. To fully understand how to reform the welfare system Americans must know what the history of welfare is, illegitimate births’ obvious connection to crime and welfare, how welfare has failedRead MoreWhy Relying on Welfare System Should Be Avoided Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesThe welfare system was created before the government welfare programs started. The system was created to help single mothers, children with disabilities, unemployment and, underemployment. The system offers many different ways to help such as: cash assistance, food stamps, employment assistance, and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). The system has helped a lot of needy families and still continues to help a lot of families. Many Americans have now started to qualify for help from theRead More Welfare Essay1456 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare, it is on just about everyones mind, whether it is Medicare or the A.F.D.C. Some believe there is too much and others think there is too little. As the years go by, the need for welfare reform increases. President Clinton had pledged in his 1992 campaign to quot;end welfare as we know itquot;. Only time will tell by what extremes welfare will change. As technology continues to increase and jobs continue to go overseas, the United States must decide what direction the welfare system shouldRead MoreWelfare Of The United States1351 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare Research paper Since the dawn of the United States, our nation’s government has committed to helping its people to advance society and its general welfare. As early as 1785, America’s federal government reserved lands in the Articles of Confederation that would be set aside for the placement of schools and other establishments for the public domain. In 1789 the federal government acquired the responsibility of providing pensions to disabled veterans of the Revolutionary War. Later thatRead MoreWelfare Policy During The Great Depression1439 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare Policy has helped an abundance of people in America. Sometimes, unforeseen events occur and assistance is needed. Because of these troubling circumstances, the need for institution and development of welfare programs came about. The American Welfare Policy has good intent; it has helped millions of people through its time. Although, there are many that believe our Welfare Policy is in great need of reform and the ab use of the system must come to an end. Welfare policy made its formal debutRead MoreThe New Welfare Program ( Tanf )1632 Words   |  7 PagesStates, so in 1935 the program as we know today welfare was created. What exactly is welfare? Welfare is a program that helps families with low incomes receive assistance for a temporary time. One of the programs is TANF which is Temporary Aid to help Needy Families is the largest federal cash federal program in the nation. This new program replaced the original program that was created in 1935 called (AFDC). Why was there this change? The new welfare program (TANF) has stricter requirements thanRead More Welfare Reform - Welfare Recipients MUST take Personal Responsibility1248 Words   |  5 PagesWelfare Reform - Welfare Recipients MUST take Personal Responsibility   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Public Welfare is an important support system of the United States government. Welfare has its benefits, but the system has pitfalls. Instead of abolishing welfare as critics of the system suggest, reforms can be made to correct the problems while government, either on the state or federal level, can continue to assist the impoverished.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The term welfare is used to describe a variety of programs that provide Read MoreChild Welfare Services Essay1439 Words   |  6 Pageschose to research about is Child Welfare Services. This topic has a variety of different regulations and forms that makes this program run. Child Welfare Services have been around for quite some time and has been helping out as much as they are allowed to. This program has a time line of many important events that all build up the Child Welfare program. First off in 1909 the white house had the first national Conference on the Care of Dependent Children (Child Welfare League of America, n.d.). These

Logistic and Supply Chain Of Global Trend †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Logistic and Supply Chain Of Global Trend. Answer: Introduction: With the rapid progress of globalization, organizations have to face innumerable challenges in maintaining image and reputation amidst competitors market threat. Maintaining the superior quality of products as well as services is not the primary aim of a business organization. The business experts focus on supply chain management very efficiently so that the products can be reached to the proper destination within time. The overarching concept, supply chain management implies a set of rhythmic flow both upstream and downstream of products and services based on which the organizational managers associated with supply chain department delivers the product to proper destination. The current business scenario of global trend is going to be more challenging where the customers have increased their level of expectation while receiving the services. Customers in present scenario get innumerable substitutes before purchasing a particular product. Therefore, the role of business experts is to make the entire operation process systematically. In order to run a business in the airline industry the supply chain department has to be very much systematic for maintaining entire transportation system effectively. As per the global trend, airline industry is aiming to expand their business wings in different multinational countries. In order to maintain the international business trends organizations are facing challenges in managing their entire supply chain process. Components: Problem formulation: Tako and Robinson (2012) stated that the entire success of business in the airline industry is highly dependent on supply chain management. Recently it has been observed that this specific industry is facing innumerable challenges in collaborating with their workers within supply chain department due to several reasons. The number of workforce strength within supply chain process is not very high. Operation managers of supply chain division have to face difficulties in maintaining entire transportation system effectively. Large number of business organizations belonging to airline industry deal with international customers in order to expand their business in the global market. Prajogo and Olhager (2012) opined that while shipping any product to the proper destination the supply chain managers have to be dependent on services provided by the employees. However, this specific problem has become a major concern within this department. Employees associated with this very specific department are facing challenges in communicating with the organizational managers effectively due to cultural barriers as well as linguistic barriers. Due to the communication gap, the customers would not get effective services within stipulated time. Ultimately, it affects on the overall productivity of the organization. In addition, one more crucial problem has been identified within the supply chain process of this very specific business industry. The modern air transport industry intends to operate their business within a liberal market context. Government controls over fares, taxes,, market entry as well as capacity that is continued in numerous small countries. Recently it has been observed that the organization faces challenges in maintaining equal rapport with suppliers due to gap of proper collaboration. As a result, the suppliers sometimes tend to provide low quality of raw material. Myerson (2012) stated that customers after us ing the products tend to raise complaints against the quality of brands. This very specific problem has become a serious issue due to which researchers and practitioners have showed their concern for collecting appropriate data. Literature search: Overview of the concept: Turrisi, M., Bruccoleri, M., Cannella, S. (2013) stated that in todays dynamic global market trend, airline industry is facing innumerable challenges in maintaining their image and reputation. People belonging to different geographical boundaries are associated within the business process of airline industry. In order to expand the entire business wings in different geographical boundaries the supply chain and logistics sector of an organization has to be very much systematic. However, this very specific study has focused to make an in-depth overview about the impact of supply chain management in enhancing the performance level of an organization. It is undeniable that business experts have to focus on product transportation very effectively. Gligor and Holcomb (2012) pointed out that supply chain is the systematic procedure that involves suppliers to the retailers in delivering products and services within proper time. The entire operation procedure is involved within entire supply chain management. This very specific study has highlighted that the success of airline industry is not restricted within a specific geographical boundary. Gunasekaran and Ngai (2012) stated that organizations with the help of their innovative designs and product variety intend to expand the business wings in different geographical boundaries. While expanding business in multinational countries the supply chain and logistic sector of this specific organization has to be strong. Large number of employees has to be associated within the service process that can control entire operation process. However, in last few years it has been observed that airline industry is suffering from huge turmoil due to the lack of workforce strength. In addition, a logistic sector is constituted with the people of different geographical backgrounds and attitudes. Therefore, their culture differs from each other (Tayur, Ganeshan Magazine, 201 2). This kind of cultural differentiation creates huge communication gap while interacting with each other. Related theories and concept Klose, Speranza and Van Wassenhove (2012) stated that a particular business industry in order to maintain their entire operation process successfully tends to follow few significant supply chain models and theories among which the importance of value chain process is most prominent. Value chain process is the set of activities that an organization tends to maintain from storing products to its distribution process. The entire method has to complete in a systematic way with the help of which the business experts can deliver the service within stipulated time. Value chain process is primarily constituted with five major ways including inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales and services. Inbound logistics: Inbound logistics is the systematic method of receiving, storing organizing the inputs systematically. Seuring and Gold (2012) opined that in order to store the airplanes in hangar operation managers have to focus on the maintenance of those products properly. In order to reduce the operation cost the business managers especially belonging to the airline industry intend to maintain product storage system as well as product distribution system by using the advancement of technology. The operation managers have to maintain proper database on how the time schedules of flag carriers should be settled so that passengers do not have to wait for a long time. Operations: Islam et al. (2013) stated that the entire transformation activities that change from input to output is otherwise named as operations. In order to make the entire operation procedure systematic the organizational managers have to recruit sufficient employees in order to control the entire business process. After manufacturing the product, the operation managers tend to store the product to hangar for its maintenance. In order to maintain proper transportation system the concerned shipping experts have to focus on maintaining proper data record regarding the departure and arrival of flag carriers. Outbound logistics: Outbound logistic is the method of distributing the product from store house to distributors, retailers or customers. The shipping department of the supply chain management of airline industry is primarily responsible for transferring the carrier towards proper destination. As a result, service users can receive the services within proper time. Marketing, sales and services: Winter and Knemeyer (2013) opined that along with maintaining the entire supply chain procedure as well as operation process the business managers have to focus on marketing and sales as well for introducing the product in global market. Especially, airline industry for introducing the services in different multinational countries has to focus on promoting the brands and services in order to increase their sales volume growth. The competitive market of airline industry is high as per global scenario. Therefore, in order to get competitive advantage the business experts would have to focus on marketing and communication for rendering brand familiarity. Impact of supply chain process on the overall organizational performance Different eminent scholars have provided their own opinion regarding impact of changing global trends on airline supply chain. As per the opinion of Winter and Knemeyer (2013), supply chain management leaves a major positive impact on the overall performance level of a business organization. Supply chain managers are efficient enough in maintaining a product flow. Supply chain management enables a particular company in improving the product flow with the help of accurate demand and sales. It improves inventory management as well in order to arrest the bullwhip effect and avoid underproduction. On the other hand, if the business experts fail to control operation process properly due to the lack of workforce strength the entire process of business has to face disastrous consequence. Ross (2013) stated that due to the lack of communication within the airline industry, the employees associated within shipping sector failed to provide necessary information to each other. In this kind of s ituation, the employees failed to maintain co-ordination effective which left a major negative impact on the overall service process of business. Data evaluation: While evaluating necessary data and information the scholars have provided numerous opinions regarding the various aspects of supply chain management especially in the airline industry. Wieland and Marcus Wallenburg (2012), in the article has portrayed that organization should not only focus in maintaining the quality of products as well as services. At the same time, the business experts have to be concerned in maintaining product quality as well. In this kind of situation, operation managers have to play major role for maintaining the entire supply chain procedure so that product can be successfully delivered to the doorstep of the customers or distributors. While maintaining the business of airline the business experts need to make their supply chain process stronger for expanding the business in different multinational countries. Analysis and interpretation: This specific part has provided an in-depth critical analysis about the entire literature review. After making an overall literature review it can be stated that supply chain leaves a significant impact in enhancing the entire performance level of a specific business organization. The overall study has focused to concentrate on the supply chain and logistic sector of airline industry. It has been identified that airline industry is possessed with limited work force strength. As a result, the supply chain managers fail to maintain the systematic flow of business. Definition and purpose: Overall summary The study has focused to make an in-depth analysis about the importance of supply chain management in enhancing the overall organizational performance in the global trend. In order to deliver the product to the proper destination the business experts have to follow systematic operation procedure in order to transport the product in low cost. In addition, the airline industry has to focus on delivering the product in different multinational countries for achieving the image and reputation of brands. Therefore, this very specific study has provided deep insight on how the business organizations belonging to airline industry have to face innumerable barriers in delivering the products to the proper destination. Previous literature review In the article Decision support systems for logistics and supply chain management, published by Gunasekaran and Ngai (2012), the author has primarily focused to emphasize the overall factors that highly affect in maintaining overall supply chain procedure effectively. The primary purpose of this specific article is to highlight why the companies do not follow systematic operation process within the organization. In order to invest sufficient number of workforce the organization should have economic strength. At the same time, the companies need to use technological advancement as well for reducing the cost of operation. As a result, business organizations belonging to this very specific industry have to face difficulties in maintaining their supply chain process effectively. Literature gap This specific literature review has primarily focused to make an in-depth overview about impact of changing global trends on supply chain of airline industry. At the same time, the study has critically analyzed value chain management as well. However, various factors affecting the implementation of supply chain management has not been discussed in this very specific study. Future scope This specific literature review as already stated is endowed with different limitations and drawbacks. In order to conduct the entire literature review the opinion of scholars can be presented in a critical manner. The articles should be chosen in such a way that review looks like critically analyzed. This very specific research work has focused to present the entire data from various eminent scholars in a descriptive manner. Therefore, in future the literature review is expected to be conducted critically so that different aspects of supply chain management can be presented and discussed within the study. References: Bosona, T., Gebresenbet, G. (2013). Food traceability as an integral part of logistics management in food and agricultural supply chain.Food control,33(1), 32-48. Gligor, D. M., Holcomb, M. C. (2012). Understanding the role of logistics capabilities in achieving supply chain agility: a systematic literature review.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(4), 438-453. Gunasekaran, A., Ngai, E. W. (2012). Decision support systems for logistics and supply chain management.Decision Support Systems,52(4), 777-778. Islam, D. M. Z., Meier, J. F., Aditjandra, P. T., Zunder, T. H., Pace, G. (2013). Logistics and supply chain management.Research in Transportation Economics,41(1), 3-16. Klose, A., Speranza, M. G., Van Wassenhove, L. N. (Eds.). (2012).Quantitative approaches to distribution logistics and supply chain management(Vol. 519). Springer Science Business Media. Lavastre, O., Gunasekaran, A., Spalanzani, A. (2012). Supply chain risk management in French companies.Decision Support Systems,52(4), 828-838. Myerson, P. (2012).Lean supply chain and logistics management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Prajogo, D., Olhager, J. (2012). Supply chain integration and performance: The effects of long-term relationships, information technology and sharing, and logistics integration.International Journal of Production Economics,135(1), 514-522. Ross, D. F. (2013).Competing through supply chain management: creating market-winning strategies through supply chain partnerships. Springer Science Business Media. Seuring, S., Gold, S. (2012). Conducting content-analysis based literature reviews in supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), 544-555. Tako, A. A., Robinson, S. (2012). The application of discrete event simulation and system dynamics in the logistics and supply chain context.Decision support systems,52(4), 802-815. Tayur, S., Ganeshan, R., Magazine, M. (Eds.). (2012).Quantitative models for supply chain management(Vol. 17). Springer Science Business Media. Turrisi, M., Bruccoleri, M., Cannella, S. (2013). Impact of reverse logistics on supply chain performance.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,43(7), 564-585. Wieland, A., Marcus Wallenburg, C. (2012). Dealing with supply chain risks: Linking risk management practices and strategies to performance.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,42(10), 887-905. Winter, M., Knemeyer, A. M. (2013). Exploring the integration of sustainability and supply chain management: Current state and opportunities for future inquiry.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,43(1), 18-38. Wood, L. C., Reiners, T. (2012). Gamification in logistics and supply chain education: Extending active learning.

Business Report - IT Management

Question: What is E-business? and also describe about the following: Management process and plan for IS system Challenges associated with the system Problem associated with the emerging technology Benefits associated with the e-commerce methods Answer: Introduction Companies work towards growth and achieving an edge on the competitive global market. For this, the management has to be considering the challenges involved with the operational activities, tactical factors, and strategic process. Such factors need planning as it will help in achieving progress in the competitive market. Apart from collecting information about the market condition and the preferences of the customers, it is essential to draft policies for implementing an effective information system. Almost every company carry out the operational activities through online method. This is called as e-business, wherein the organization attempts to approach maximum number of clients from different parts of the globe. The method selected for applying the information system needs to be well planned as it will help in acquiring the target set by the company. This is one of the reasons many company work towards gathering the required information through which the best information system can be applied for carrying out the operational activities. Management information system or MIS helps the experts of the company to draft and implement the right type of strategies through which the issues can be handled in the right manner (Chan, 2000). Term e-business E-business is a method through which the best applications for the business information and communication technology can be adopted. This is done to plan and execute the business operational activities in the best possible manner. Through this process, it is possible to share maximum information about the products and services that has been rendered by the company to the clients. Such a process enables the company to analyse the external factors or activities, and draft plans to develop positive relationship with the clients, stakeholders, and others who are associated with the organisation. Business promotional activities are carried out through online method. This is one of the best and most effective methods, as the company dont have to worry about incurring huge promotional expenses. Marketing process can be easily carried out through online process. The benefits associated with this process, cannot be overlooked by the management of the company. With the help of e-commerce metho d for business, it is possible by the company to improve the value chain process. Apart from this, the management can plan and implement the best strategies for exchanging of goods, services, funds, and most importantly information about the clients and the rival companies. Through this process, the companies attempt to reach out to maximum number of clients, and analyse their needs and preferences. This is one of the most important factors that are required for successful carrying out the business activities. Product development process can be improved by the company, as the necessary information for the same can be gathered and analysed by the management in the right manner. E-commerce process enables the companies to develop and implement an effective marketing strategy through which maximum number of clients from various market places can be approached (Cooper Schindler, 2008). Management process and plan for IS system The success of the business depends upon the plan drafted for implementing the IS system, within the company. Strategies for IS has been drafted and implemented as per the requirement of the company. In this process, some of the management even reconsider to reorganize the business process, through which the activities could be carried out in the right manner. IS system has to be developed and implemented as per the Information technology process that has been adopted by the company. The strategies are developed and implemented for improving the performance of the company. In this process, the expectations of the company is analysed, and the same is related with the future goals. Different tasks like analysing the customer needs, changing market trends, fluctuations in the price and others can be easily carried out through the implementation of an effective management system. In this case, it is necessary to analyse the challenges that are involved with the implementation of the proc ess. This will help the management in acquiring the desired results, without incurring high operational expenses. The strategies adopted should enable the company in carrying out the below mentioned functions Improve the effectiveness of the IT system adopted and implemented by the company Develop an effective strategy through which the preface can be improved Analyse the requirements of the company in terms of online trading and handling the challenges that are associated with handling the supply chain management system (Das, 2012). Challenges associated with the system Implementing an effective IS system within the company is an expensive affair. Thus, it is recommended to analyse the challenges that are involved with the process. Introducing an effective IT system can impact the way the business has been performed. The need for introducing an effective and workable IT system has become imperative for every organization, regardless of the size and the operational activities carried out. The system is meant to support the organizational strategy which is quite an important factor that would contribute towards the business success. Through the implementation of an effective MIS, the management can effectively carry out the below mentioned factors Implement the right type of plan Introduce the best acquisition plan (Davies, 2009). Implement the right type of strategies that would benefit the company. There is always a possibility of the proposed system to fail. In this case, the management of the company needs to plan and implement the right type of strategies that would enable the company to carry on with the operational activities. The steps involved in the implementation process have to be planned and done in the right manner. This will enable the experts of the company to analyse the challenges involved in every steps and draft the best strategies through which the problem can be easily overpowered. Some of the issues that are associated with the strategies for implementing the steps include Analyse the requirements for introducing an MIS system Draft a plan for accomplishing the task analyse the changes or the benefits that would be derived by introducing the system Costs and time involved with the process of introducing the changes. The prime objective for introducing changes with the MIS or the IS system is to develop an effective approach through which the problem can be handled in the right manner For this, the list of obstacles needs to be drafted and implemented by the company in the right manner. This will help in successful implementation of the project and accomplish the task without losing much time on the same. The challenge lies with the awareness of the system that has been proposed to be adopted by the company. In this case, the challenges have to be analysed at each stages of implementation. This would reduce the negative impact of the system that has been proposed to be introduced by the management. Many companies believe in defining the factors that can increase the success rates at the time of implementing the system. This has been done to improve the possibilities of successful introduction of the MIS (Denzin, Lincoln, 2005). The success of the e-business depends upon the security measures that have been undertaken by the company. It is quite important to protect the company and its information from known and unknown threats. The security measures planned to be undertaken by the company is quite different than the ones that are followed for the traditional methods. Information shared between the clients or the suppliers and the company needs to be protected. For this, the management of the company has to ensure that the below mentioned tasks has been effectively carried out Authenticate the data shared between different members associated with the company Secure the customer information (Gargeya, Brady, 2005). Problem associated with the emerging technology The company has to deal with different types of information that can be used at the time of planning and implementation. It is quite important to adopt an effective strategy through which the changes related to the information can be used in the right manner. For this, the technology needs to efficient enough to analyse the reliable and useful information. This has to be done with an intention of improving the planning and implementation strategies that has been adopted by the company. In this method, it is essential to ensure that the collected data are not lost in transit. It is also essential to assure that the confidential information is not changed either partially or fully during transit from one department to another. For instance, the management strategy needs to be communicated with different departments. In this process, the system needs to be efficient enough, as this will prevent any wrong sharing of the details. For this, it is essential to implement an effective data in tegrity system, which will prohibit unauthorised users from accessing the important information. Apart from this, the e-business application method has to also help the users or the company to retrieve the lost data, which is one of the most important factors (Ghauri, Gronhaug, 2005). The other concern is adopting and implementing a system that would enable the company to store in the details of the transaction for longer period of time. For this, the business or the management has to adopt and implement an assuring strategy through which the clients information and other important details can be stored and retrieved whenever required by the management. This is basically done through the adoption of the digital signature method. Such a method will always validate the occurrence of the transaction. Besides this, such a process needs to be simple and effected for the users as this can be used for future business transactions (Goddard Melville, 2004). The other important aspect of the online or e-business transaction is share the right type of information. There is much important information that has to be shared between members of certain departments. Thus, the system that has been selected by the management has to be securing the details of the information and allow access of the same to the authorised person. Such an assurance is required for the managers, clients, and the stakeholders of the company. For this, the management can propose to introduce one or few of the below mentioned strategies Provide access privileges Introduce fireball system Introduce the user identification or the authentication methods (it includes password access, digital certificates, and others. VPN or the virtual password network method (Gunasekaran, Ngai, 2004). The selection of the system needs to be done after analysing the needs and preferences of the company. Besides this, it is also necessary to analyse the process through which such a change can be implemented by the company. This is one of the most important and required steps that would contribute towards the successful business conduct. Benefits associated with the e-commerce methods There are quite a few features about e-business methods and the applications that have been used by the management. Few of them has been mentioned below 1. Cost effective - with the help of the application it is possible to make the changes in the business performance in a cost effective manner. this will help the management in acquiring the set target, without losing much time on the same 2. Introduce effective marketing plan - The success of the company depends upon the type of marketing plan that has been introduced by the management. In this process, the company needs to analyse the best methods through which the clients can be approached (Hevner et al., 2004). Conclusion The challenges involved with the implementation of the IT system has to be analysed. This will help the management in selecting the best option that would cater the needs of the company. There are many benefits associated with the process of implementing the steps that are involved with the strategies for IT system. It has to be analysed and corrective steps needs to be introduced. This will help the company in accomplishing the task, and improve the performance. Such factors have to be analysed on a regular basis, as this will help the company to select the best option through which the needs of the clients and the management can be catered in the best possible manner. References Chan S, 2000. Information technology in business processes. Business Process Management Journal, 6 (3), 224237. Cooper D Schindler P, 2008. Business research methods (International ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Das S, 2012. Applications of management information system in an organization. Paper presented at the National Seminar held on 2425 Febuary 2012 at IACS, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India. Davies P, 2009. Business information systems. New York, Palgrave Macmillan. Denzin N, Lincoln Y, 2005. The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Gargeya V, Brady C, 2005. Success and failure factors of adopting SAP in ERP system implementation. Business Process Management Journal, 11 (5), 501516. Ghauri P, Gronhaug K, 2005. Research methods in business studies, a practical guide (3rd ed.). New York: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Goddard W Melville S, 2004. Research methodology: an introduction (2nd illustrated, revised ed.). Lansdowne: Juta and Company Limited. Gunasekaran A, Ngai E, 2004. Information systems in supply chain integration and management. European Journal of Operational Research, 159, 269295. Hevner R, March S, Park T, Ram S, 2004. Design science in information system research. MIS Quarterly, 28 (1), 75105. Hong K. K. Kim Y. G, 2002. The critical success factors for ERP implementation: an organizational fit perspective. Information Management, 40, 2540. Hyvnen T, 2003. Management accounting and information systems: ERP versus BoB. European Accounting Review, 12 (1), 155173. Kroenke D, 2007. Using MIS (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Pearson Prentice Hall. Kumar R, 2005. Research methodology: a step-by-step guide for beginners (2nd ed.). London, SAGE. Kuruppuarachchi P, Mandal P, Smoth R, 2002. IT project implementation strategies for effective changes: a critical review. Logistics Information Management, 15 (2), 126137. Light B, Holland C, Wills K, 2001. ERP and best of breed: a comparative analysis. Business Process Management Journal, 7 (3), 216224. Loh T Koh C, 2004. Critical elements for a successful enterprise resource planning implementation in small- and medium-sized enterprises. International Journal of Production Research, 42 (17), 34333455. Mabert V, Soni A, Venkataramanan M, 2003. Enterprise resource planning: managing the implementation process. European Journal of Operational Research, 146, 302314. MacKinnon W, Grant G, Cray D, 2008. Enterprise information systems and strategic flexibility. Paper presented at the 41st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Hawaii, USA. Merriam S, 2009. Qualitative Research: a guide to design and implementation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Muijs D, 2004. Doing quantitative research in education with SPSS (illustrated ed.). London: SAGE. Murthy C, 2006. Management information systems. Mumbai, Himalaya Publishing House. Nah F, Lau S, Kuang J, 2001. Critical factors for successful implementation of enterprise systems. Business Process Management Journal, 7 (3), 285296. OBrien J, 2004. Management information systems: managing information technology in the business enterprise (6th ed.). New York, McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Transformational Leadership in Human Resource Management

Introduction The business environment is highly dynamic. High stakes in management have been raised rendering the traditional management theories ineffective and compelling new revitalized approach to organizational management. The human capital is the most important agent of change, innovation, and excellence in service in today’s business environment (Burns, 1979, p. 56).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leadership in Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, human resource management is no longer regarded as a factor of production but a business partner in the pursuit of the goals and objectives of organizations. This research proposal highlights the change in human resource management required given the current trends in business. Transformational leadership is the required ingredient to human resource management for effective realization of organizational goals. Discussion Organizations have realized that human capital is the most important driver for change to the extent that it facilitates the creation and maintenance of sustainable competitive advantage in an organization. Leadership style adopted by an organization is an important people management factor that the style of leadership as indicated by Bass et al. (2003, p. 102) sets the tone in every aspect of people management from performance management to organizational culture adopted and practiced everyday in the workplace. A study by Hay Foundation as explained in Berman et al. (2006, p. 99) examined over 75 components that promote employee satisfaction. It identified trust and confidence in leadership as the most important factors of promoting employee satisfaction and job commitment. The study also showed that effective communication was the most important leadership vehicle for winning workers’ loyalty, trust and confidence. The classical theories are no longer applicable in the management of people and specifically employees in organizations. These theories were autocratic and failed to realize that human capital has an important role to play in the performance and growth of an organization. Many organizations have embarked on using a modern theory of transformational leadership in managing their employees. According to Inkson Kolb (2002, p. 69), one of the theories that successful organizations have adopted in the recent past is transformational theory. Transformational theory makes possible for individuals to redefinition of vision and mission, and refocuses on their pledge and the reformation of their systems for objective achievement. â€Å"A relationship of mutual stimulation and elevation converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents† (Samson Raft, 2008, p. 79). It is a process where leaders and followers create a mutual and collective approach to management by emphasizing upon one philosophy, vision, high standards of morality and performance. Transformational leadership style essentially transforms every worker into a leader; it is squarely pegged on egalitarian culture, empathy and self – management.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The use of this type of leadership inhuman resource management will guide organizations to higher levels of performance. The modern organization employing transformational type of leadership usually applies its four components to their management styles to produce excellent out come for the organizations. According to Samson Raft (2009, p. 80), transformational leadership can be applied in the top management of the organization. To begin with, the management should act as role models to inspire and motivate the employees. Through the application of charisma, the management will depict admirable behavior towards employees. They can also in spire and motivate their employees by coming up with vision and mission for the organization that include employees. By making the employees internalize the goals of the company, the human resource management can match the goals of organization and employees’ goals therefore making them achievable (Burns, 1979, p. 121). Human resource management ensures that there is a good compensation package for employees. According to Berman, (2006), when a company is doing well financially by generating more revenue, it commits a substantial part of it to improve the working conditions of its employees as well as raising their salaries. It also employs the best human resource personnel that manage the employee welfare well. Additionally, they improve working conditions so that employees find no reason to complain again. Through promotion strategies, employees gain a sense of belonging and they feel they are valued hence better performance of an organization. The employment of an effectiv e human resource management team is very important. Best performing organizations have efficient and effective human resource management skills. This has enabled increased communication in such organizations thus reducing the cases of employee-employer misunderstanding. According to Samson Raft (2009), an effective human resource management is vital for the dealing with case of collective bargaining. An organization with an effective human resource management rarely experiences strike. The effective management takes into consideration core values like putting the employee first. This is because the employee is a factor of production like capital and the output of the firm is because of the employees’ hard work. Therefore, the employees’ needs and values should be seriously handled (Samson Raft, 2009). The human resource management should challenge employees’ assumptions while stimulating and encouraging creativity at the work place. Above all, the employees sh ould be appreciated for their achievements. The human resource management should come up with mechanisms to recognize, appreciate, and reward extraordinary employee efforts at the work place. This will encourage more productivity and lead to higher performance of the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Transformational Leadership in Human Resource Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Winkler (2009, p. 145) argues that through the employment of the four major components of transformational leadership in the organization, employees will be transformed to leaders in their respective fields of work and all parties will benefit the organization, the management and the employees. The organization will increase its competitive advantage and therefore become more profitable. Higher profits will translate to higher rewards to employees and the management in terms of better compensation packages. Conclusi on The world has changed with globalization and technology transforming the business environment. Many organizations have now turned to transformational management for human resource management. This is because the use of this type of leadership enables organizations to change their employees into leaders in their field of specialization and therefore increasing the competitiveness of the organization. The four components of transformational leadership are applied in shaping the employees and matching their goals to those of the organization. The management acts as role models and employees follow, as the competitive advantage is increase leading to the benefit of all parties (the employees, the management, and the organization). References Bass, B. et al. (2003). Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88 (2), 207-218. Berman, M., James, S., Jonathan, P. Montgomery, W. (2006). Human Resource Management in Public Service: Paradoxes, Processes, and Problems. New York, NY: Sage Publications. Burns, J. (1979). Leadership. New York, NY: Prentice Hall. Inkson, K. Kolb, D. (2002). Management: perspectives for New Zealand. 3rd Ed. New York, NY: Prentice Hall.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Samson, D. Raft, R. (2009). Management: Asia pacific edition. 3rd Ed. Victoria: Cengage. Winkler, I. (2009). Contemporary leadership theories: Enhancing the understanding of the complexity, subjectivity, and dynamic of leadership. Philadelphia, PL: WB Saunders Press. 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Storm Warnings Ap Lit Sample Essay

Storm Warnings Ap Lit Sample EssayIf you are considering whether or not you should take an AP Lit exam, then you need to take the Storm Warnings Ap Lit sample essay. These tests require students to write analytical essays that compare the differences between weather, forecasts, and forecasting in a given region. You will also need to analyze how people can make such predictions given their capabilities and limitations.The Storm Warnings Ap Lit sample essay questions are particularly challenging, and you should prepare for them before taking the exam. As previously mentioned, the test includes both multiple-choice and true/false questions, and there is a detailed explanation of the type of questions that you will encounter in the exam, along with sample answers, if you click on the link below. The types of questions are very complicated, and you can prepare for them by understanding what the test taker is trying to achieve.Students should prepare by reading the sample essay questions and answers, as well as taking notes. You should also bring along a notebook or reference book to write down your thoughts and the review questions. Writing down your thoughts before testing will help you remember what you have read.The Storm Warnings Ap Lit sample essay is intended to provide a step-by-step guide to understanding the AP Lit test questions. You should review the concepts taught in the essay until you understand each one thoroughly. It is recommended that you familiarize yourself with a fair amount of specialized vocabulary before testing, so that you can focus on speaking in proper English instead of speaking in a casual manner.Weather forecasting takes a lot of time and planning, as you need to collect accurate data about weather patterns. It is important to determine the effects of severe weather on specific regions. This is especially true in areas where there is a higher risk of hurricanes.It's Atmospheric Science Exam (AP Abit) is offered online. It is availabl e free online and can be taken anywhere you can access the Internet. This means that your instructor will be able to give you online classroom tutoring to help you with the exam.The topics covered in Abit include Astronomy, Business Administration, Chemistry, Earth Science, Geology, Geography, History, Meteorology, Physics, Statistics, and a bit of Geography and Astrophysics. The test includes topics that cover topics such as individual budgets, theories of gravity, and weather forecasts.In addition to the Abit sample essay, the AP Exam Prep booklet also includes information on the ABit test. You should read this booklet before taking the exam. As previously mentioned, this booklet can be found free online and can help you prepare for the AP exam.

The Case of the Bambus Essay Example

The Case of the Bambus Essay Example The Case of the Bambus Paper The Case of the Bambus Paper The Case of the Bambus The Story of the Gambus and its Evolution Yap Yuan Li Ben U0921231H AAI481 Studies in Malay Music Nanyang Technological University The Story of the Gambus and its Evolution Introduction The gambus is an omnipresent and most commonly found lute instrument in the various styles of Malay folk music. It is usually made from wood and is formed almost like a guitar but with 9 to 12 wire strings compared to the guitar’s 6 to 12 strings. There are two types of gambus, namely Gambus Melayu which is the Malay gambus and Gambus Hadhramaut which is the Arabian gambus. Both of them originate from similar backgrounds with the Gambus Melayu a modification of the Gambus Hadhramaut. Today, the gambus is recognised as a national musical instrument of Malaysia and a symbol of Malay traditional music identity (Hilarian, 2006). We will explore further in this essay the origins and evolution of gambus and its role in the Malay musical genre of zapin, hamdolok and ghazal. Gambus Melayu The slimmer and smaller pear-shaped gambus Melayu is comparable to the Yemeni qanbus. Its uniqueness is in its ornamented sickle-shaped carved pegbox that has emblems engraved into it (Hilarian, 2003). Its body is made from jackfruit tree wood and it has a goat skin belly. The strings in gambus Melayu is attached and tuned precisely similar to gambus Hadramaut (Nik Mustapha, 1998). The gambus Melayu is frequently used in Zapin and Hamdolok performances in Johor (Matusky, 1985 as cited by Ang, 2005). The sounds of the gambus Melayu can also be heard in Singapore, Sabah, Sarawak, Indonesia and Brunei (Hilarian 2006). Gambus Hadhramaut The arched-back, pear-shaped Gambus Hadhramaut is quite similar to the classical Arabian ‘ud (Hilarian, 2003). It is made from a combination of ight wood like red meranti, a type of construction timber and durian belanda. The gambus Hadramaut does not have frets and the strings are plucked and attached in double course except the 11th string. The strings are tuned in perfect 4ths beginning from the highest string from the middle C (Ang, 2005). The Transition of the Gambus from Arab to Malay Culture Studies done by Hilarian (2003, 2007) theorized t hat in the 9th century, Muslim Persian conquerors and traders brought the barbat, an early form of lute instrument, into the Malay Archipelago during their migration to Southeast Asia for entertainment purposes (Sachs, 1940). This is supported by Alatas (1985) who claimed that many Persians and Indians traded in the rich port of Klang, Selangor. The barbat was then modified by Arabs in Mecca to ‘ud and qanbus in Yemen which explains why the gambus bears a striking similarity to barbat, ‘ud and qanbus (During, 1984) down to the tuning in perfect 4ths (Lambert, 1997). In the 16th century, Portugese traders introduced folk music, plucked and bowed stringed instruments to the people of Malacca. However they did not directly influence the introduction of the gambus to the Malay world. The African, Indian and Moorish slaves present at that time integrated their influences of music together with the portugese instruments and created a fusion of music styles that included dondang saying and joget ronggang (Kartomi, 1997). Between the 17th and 18th century, the close ties amongst Johor, Riau and Aceh states via trade, commerce and inter-marriages provided a permeable barrier for gambus to enter the Malay world. Between the 19th and 20th century, the opening of Suez Canal expedited sea journeys from the Middle-East to the Malay world. Many Arabs settled in Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia from Hadhramaut (Yemen) bringing along the ‘ud (Alatas, 1997). Consequently, the eminence of gambus Hadhramaut succeeded the gambus Melayu in the late 19th or early 20th century in Peninsular Malaysia. The patronage of gambus by Malay rulers, spread of Islam and the cultural convergence of people facilitated dissemination and modification of the gambus throughout the Malay world (Hilarian, 2006). Uses and Evolution of Gambus Both types of gambus are interchangeable and only one is played during a Malay ensemble performance like zapin, hamdolok and ghazal. They are usually the lead melodic instrument for these ensembles and are essential because the sound of gambus is linked to Islam and carries the essence of the Malay vibe. For example, gambus is played in Islamic singing and in taksim (solo performances) during Islamic events like Hari Raya Puasa and Haji. Moreover, the use of gambus associates the ensembles with particular genres of Malay traditional music (Hilarian, 2003, 2007). Zapin Zapin is a form of traditional dance complemented with music by rhythmic characteristics and singing. It uses the voice, the gambus, violin, harmonium, accordion, marwas and dok (Ang, 2005). Anis (1993) asserted that zapin originated from Hadhramaut and is maintained in Malaysia in its original form, named zapin Arab and as a modified form, named zapin Melayu. The zapin Melayu in Johor today is a product of intermarriage of the Arab and Malay cultures literally with modifications by the Malay community over time (Hilarian, 2003). Zapin songs reflect a blending of Malay and Islamic influences. Zapin Melayu has evolved from a group dance of solely males in zapin Arab to that of two separate rows of male and females. Adhering to the Islamic influence, the sexes do not touch during the dance. The entire zapin Melayu repertoire also reflects the love of the Malays for nature. The dance moves are inspired by chickens and fish and interpreted in stylistic refined movements including small graceful jumps. For instance, like a chicken with a broken leg (ragam anak ayam patah) or fish wriggling on mudflats. The men and women dance without shoes and adorn themselves in traditional Malay apparels. The sarong is not tied but held throughout the performance reflecting the past Malay women culture in attempts to protect their modesty. Md. Anis (1993) however is concerned with the recent situation of zapin. He argues that any changes to zapin or any other Malay genres for that matter must be sensitive to its past and values. Historically, zapin Melayu was meant for play and family entertainment. Now, with it being showcased in performances, the dance moves are exaggerated and the production glamorized with special effects. He frowns upon modern choreographs where females raise their arms too high thereby revealing parts of their arms. In addition, the attention of Malay performances today seem to focus more on fanciful costumes, superseding the beauty of the simple dance. The sarong is also hitched exposing the calves and knees, hence clashing with the original modest values of zapin. Hamdolok Hamdolok is a traditional dance theatre performance found in Johor, originating from the Middle East. It is performed during weddings and includes zapin and inang dance forms too. Instruments used include the tambourine, maracas, conga drums and gambus Melayu (Asmad 1990). Today, the use of gambus Melayu sadly remains only in hamdolok. Ghazal Ghazal, a popular music genre in Johor, is formed from the fusion of elements from two or cultures and a modification of the shared features as aforementioned of the mix between various ethnic music influences. The word ghazal in Arabic means poetry of love and it aims to serenade. The ghazal originated from India and arrived in Johor from Riau-Lingga before 1870s. Songs were formally sung in Hindi are supplemented by the sharinggi, sitar, tabla and harmonium (Ang, 2005). In Johor, ghazal has evolved. Johor players substituted the original sitar with the violin and sharinggi with gambus Melayu initially, and then with ghazal Hadramaut subsequently. Songs are now sung in Malay but still mirror its Hindustani and Persian influences prominently. The song titles are also uniquely Malay because they are written about nature and love. For instance, songs were written about the full moon and â€Å"Pak Ngah balik† meaning Pak Ngah has returned. Today, modern ghazal groups also include instruments like mandolin, guitar, flute, Japanese drum and ukulele (Mohd Ishak, 1978, as cited by Ang, 2005). Is The Gambus Gaining Popularity? 18-year-old Fauziah Suhaili from Sabah, Malaysia who recently won the Gambus Fest Female Solo performance competition faced a mountain of challenges from the start. She had to gain approval from her elders as well as earn that trust to play the gambus. Fortunately, she has received much support from the gambus community in Sabah which enabled her to achieve so much (Fauziah, n. . ). However, especially in the states of Kelantan and Trengganu, these success stories are not as prevalent with the number of gambus female players dwindling. In 1950s, numerous female players in Johor contributed significantly to the music. However, in present times, women are limited to singing in traditional musical ensembles. Similarly, in Brunei, women are discouraged to play the gambus over the last 25 years. The school of Islamic practice in Brunei also generally dissuades women from playing music or performing with men. Other than Fauziah Suhaili, it appears that our generation of youths are not interested in traditional Malay music like ghazal because of widespread dissemination of popular Western culture into the traditional music space (Hilarian, 2007). Conclusion Gambus in zapin, hamdolok and ghazal has evolved innovatively through the decades and is now an expression of Malay culture. The residual distinctive characters from its original forms are clearly evident but the profound changes allow it to be proudly called a symbol of the Malay traditional and contemporary music distinctiveness. However, traditional Malay music has not received much support from the media, especially in Singapore unlike other styles like Chinese and Indian music which has deep roots locally and are always portrayed in media for awareness. The dominance of Western music, ideals and pop culture has intruded into the Singapore’s Malay community, infringing the space of traditional Malay Music. It will be a disaster if this dying art gets killed off in our generation and that beautiful traditional Malay music we take for granted so easily would be only a myth for our future generations. Much support and efforts by the younger and older generation are needed in tandem with the media and government funding to revive this dying treasure back to its glory days. References i) Alatas, S. F. (1985). Notes on Various Theories Regarding the Islamization of the Malay Archipelago. Muslim World, 75, No. 3-4, 162-175. ii) Ang, M. K. (2005). Musical Malaysia. Retrieved October 28, 2009, from musicmall-asia. com/minni/index. html iii) During, J. (1984). In S. S. (Ed. ). The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments. London: Macmillan Publishers Limited. v) Fauziah Suhailah/ Gambus (n. d. ). Fauziah Gambus. Retrieved October 28, 2009 from http://fauziahgambus. synthasite. com/ v) Hilarian, L. F. (2003). Gambus (lutes) of the Malay World- Its Origins and Significance in Zapin Music. Presentation of paper at A Symposium in Memory of John Blacking, 12-14 July 2003, University of Western Australia. vi) Hilarian, L. F. (2006). The Folk Lute (Gambus), and its Symbolic Expression in Ma lay Muslim Culture. Institute of Lithuanian Literature and Folklore Studies XXXII. vii) Hilarian, L. F. (2007). The Migration of Lute-Type Instruments to The Malay-Muslim World. Presentation of paper at the Conference of Music in The World of Islam, 8-13 August 2007, Assilah. viii) Kartomi, Margaret J. (1984) . Gambus.. The New Groves Dictionary of Musical Instruments, (ed. ) Stanley Sadie, London: Macmillan, No. 2, 9-10. ix) Lambert, J. (1997. La medecine de l. ame, Hommes et Musiques. Paris: Societe d. ethnologie, France x) Matusky, P. (1982). Music from Malaysia. Resound. I/4: 1-2. xi) Matusky, P. (1982). Musical Instruments and Musicians of the Malay Shadow Puppet Theater. Journal of the American Musical Instrument Society. VIII(1982): 38-68. ii) Mohd. Anis Md. Nor. (1993). Zapin-Folk Dance of the Malay World. London: Oxford University Press. xiii) Mohd Ishak Abdul Aziz. (1978). Ghazal. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan. xiv) Nik Mustapha Nik Mohd. Salleh (1998). Alat Muzik Tradisional Dalam Masyarakat Melayu Di Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian kebudayaan, Kesenian dan Pelancongan Malaysia. xv) Pickens, L. (1975) Folk Musical Ins truments of Turkey. London: Oxford University Press. xvi) Sachs, C. (1940). The History of Musical Instruments. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc. Publishers.